In the sections below, learn how to cite credible sources, reputable sources, and statistics.
Credible Sources
When citing credible sources, include:
- Author name
- Author credentials (degree in field, prestigious job title, or experience)
- Publication year
- (if it's a study) Relevant details of how the study was conducted (ex. how many people, where, and/or population traits) and any needed definition of terms
Example: Psychologists, Drs. Campbell, Wells, and Penzler, found in their 2021 study of almost 27,000 teens ages 13-18 that more time spent on mobile devices decreased valuable sleep time.
Citing Statistics
When citing statistics, include:
- Publisher name or author name
- (if author) Author credentials
- Publication year
- Relevant details of how the statistics were gathered (ex. how many people, where, and/or population traits) and any needed definition of terms
Example: The US Census Bureau's 2020 Annual Business Survey, reporting for 2019 data, estimated 1.1 million or 18.7% of businesses were minority-owned, which they defined as "any race and ethnicity combination other than non-Hispanic and White."
